Join
Each of the data verbs described until now takes one one data table as an input. Join is different. It’s well named: it brings together two data tables. Once you can join two data tables, you can join any number of data tables by repeated joins. Joining is at the heart of combining data from multiple sources.
It’s conventional to refer to the two tables as the “left” and “right” tables.
To illustrate the differences and similarities between the different kinds of join, suppose you have these two tables:
- Left: cases are medical clinics. The variables:
clinicName,postalCode. Each clinic does multiple procedures.
| clinicName | postalCode |
|---|---|
| A | 22120.00 |
| B | 35752.00 |
| C | 56718.00 |
| D | 35752.00 |
| E | 67756.00 |
| F | 69129.00 |
| G | 73455.00 |
| H | 73455.00 |
| I | 76292.00 |
- Right: cases are postal codes. Variables reflect the demographics of that postal code:
postalCode,over65, etc.
| postalCode | over65 |
|---|---|
| 35752.00 | 0.46 |
| 22120.00 | 0.72 |
| 22120.00 | 0.93 |
| 92332.00 | 0.26 |
| 84739.00 | 0.46 |
| 67756.00 | 0.94 |
Variables that appear in both the left and right tables are called “overlap variables.” The only overlap variable here is postalCode.
The overlap variables determine which cases will go into the output table. In this example, there is just one overlap variable: postalCode.
The diagram below shows the cases in the left and right tables. The lines show the matches between left and right. The cases connected by a match are the overlap cases; there are five of them in the diagram. Cases without a match also appear in both the left and right tables.
Note that there are three different kinds of cases here:
- The matching cases that are in both the left and right. These come as pairs: the cases connected by a line in the diagram.
- Non-matching ones in the left.
- Non-matching ones in the right.
There are different types of join. The type of join specifies whether you want to include in the output the matching cases, the matching pairs, or the non-matching cases.
Inner Join
An inner join gives the matching pairs. Note that clinic A, which had two matches in the right table, appears twice, once for each matching pair in which clinic A is involved.
merge( LL, RR )| postalCode | clinicName | over65 |
|---|---|---|
| 22120.00 | A | 0.72 |
| 22120.00 | A | 0.93 |
| 35752.00 | B | 0.46 |
| 35752.00 | D | 0.46 |
| 67756.00 | E | 0.94 |
Outer Join
An outer join can include cases where there is no match. You might want to include the unmatched cases from the left table, from the right table, or from both tables.
Unmatched cases from the left table
merge( LL, RR, all.x=TRUE )| postalCode | clinicName | over65 |
|---|---|---|
| 22120.00 | A | 0.72 |
| 22120.00 | A | 0.93 |
| 35752.00 | B | 0.46 |
| 35752.00 | D | 0.46 |
| 56718.00 | C | |
| 67756.00 | E | 0.94 |
| 69129.00 | F | |
| 73455.00 | H | |
| 73455.00 | G | |
| 76292.00 | I |
Unmatched cases from the right table
merge( LL, RR, all.y=TRUE )| postalCode | clinicName | over65 |
|---|---|---|
| 22120.00 | A | 0.72 |
| 22120.00 | A | 0.93 |
| 35752.00 | B | 0.46 |
| 35752.00 | D | 0.46 |
| 67756.00 | E | 0.94 |
| 84739.00 | 0.46 | |
| 92332.00 | 0.26 |
Unmatched cases from both tables
merge( LL, RR, all=TRUE )| postalCode | clinicName | over65 |
|---|---|---|
| 22120.00 | A | 0.72 |
| 22120.00 | A | 0.93 |
| 35752.00 | B | 0.46 |
| 35752.00 | D | 0.46 |
| 56718.00 | C | |
| 67756.00 | E | 0.94 |
| 69129.00 | F | |
| 73455.00 | H | |
| 73455.00 | G | |
| 76292.00 | I | |
| 84739.00 | 0.46 | |
| 92332.00 | 0.26 |
Using Join
Join is useful for many tasks.
Translate
Sometimes you want to rename or translate the levels of a categorical variable. If there is a large number of levels, it can make sense to store the translation in a data table, or to create it in a data table.
For example, in the Minneapolis mayoral election, voters made 38 different first choices.1 It’s ungainly to look at the relationships among all those choices. A sensible approach is to group the minor candidates together.
Defining a minor candidate to be one who got fewer than 1000 votes, it’s possible to create a table identifying the minor candidates:
Totals <- Minneapolis2013 %>%
group_by( First ) %>%
summarise( nVotes=n() )
CandidateGroups <-
Totals %>%
mutate( Candidate=ifelse( nVotes>1000,
as.character(First),
"Minor") )| First | nVotes | Candidate |
|---|---|---|
| ABDUL M RAHAMAN “THE ROCK” | 338 | Minor |
| ALICIA K. BENNETT | 351 | Minor |
| BETSY HODGES | 28935 | BETSY HODGES |
| BILL KAHN | 97 | Minor |
| BOB “AGAIN” CARNEY JR | 56 | Minor |
| BOB FINE | 2094 | BOB FINE |
| CAM WINTON | 7511 | CAM WINTON |
| CAPTAIN JACK SPARROW | 264 | Minor |
| CHRISTOPHER CLARK | 188 | Minor |
| CHRISTOPHER ROBIN ZIMMERMAN | 170 | Minor |
| CYD GORMAN | 39 | Minor |
| DAN COHEN | 1798 | DAN COHEN |
| DON SAMUELS | 8335 | DON SAMUELS |
| DOUG MANN | 779 | Minor |
| EDMUND BERNARD BRUYERE | 70 | Minor |
| GREGG A. IVERSON | 144 | Minor |
| JACKIE CHERRYHOMES | 3524 | JACKIE CHERRYHOMES |
| JAMES “JIMMY” L. STROUD, JR. | 64 | Minor |
| JAMES EVERETT | 347 | Minor |
| JAYMIE KELLY | 196 | Minor |
| JEFFREY ALAN WAGNER | 164 | Minor |
| JOHN CHARLES WILSON | 37 | Minor |
| JOHN LESLIE HARTWIG | 97 | Minor |
| JOSHUA REA | 108 | Minor |
| KURTIS W. HANNA | 200 | Minor |
| MARK ANDREW | 19584 | MARK ANDREW |
| MARK V ANDERSON | 975 | Minor |
| MERRILL ANDERSON | 108 | Minor |
| MIKE GOULD | 204 | Minor |
| NEAL BAXTER | 145 | Minor |
| OLE SAVIOR | 693 | Minor |
| overvote | 93 | Minor |
| RAHN V. WORKCUFF | 65 | Minor |
| STEPHANIE WOODRUFF | 1010 | STEPHANIE WOODRUFF |
| TONY LANE | 219 | Minor |
| TROY BENJEGERDES | 148 | Minor |
| undervote | 834 | Minor |
| UWI | 117 | Minor |
nrow(CandidateGroups)[1] 38This table gives the translation between the listing in First and listing that lumps minor candidates together. There is one case for each candidate. Joining the translation table with the vote table produces a new column, with one case for each ballot and the minor candidates marked as such.
merge( Minneapolis2013, CandidateGroups, all.x=TRUE )| Candidate | First | Second |
|---|---|---|
| Minor | ABDUL M RAHAMAN “THE ROCK” | undervote |
| Minor | ABDUL M RAHAMAN “THE ROCK” | CAPTAIN JACK SPARROW |
| Minor | ABDUL M RAHAMAN “THE ROCK” | GREGG A. IVERSON |
| Minor | ABDUL M RAHAMAN “THE ROCK” | OLE SAVIOR |
| Minor | ABDUL M RAHAMAN “THE ROCK” | undervote |
| Minor | ABDUL M RAHAMAN “THE ROCK” | STEPHANIE WOODRUFF |
| Minor | ABDUL M RAHAMAN “THE ROCK” | undervote |
| Minor | ABDUL M RAHAMAN “THE ROCK” | OLE SAVIOR |
| Minor | ABDUL M RAHAMAN “THE ROCK” | undervote |
| Minor | ABDUL M RAHAMAN “THE ROCK” | BOB FINE |
| Minor | ABDUL M RAHAMAN “THE ROCK” | ABDUL M RAHAMAN “THE ROCK” |
| Minor | ABDUL M RAHAMAN “THE ROCK” | undervote |
| Minor | ABDUL M RAHAMAN “THE ROCK” | undervote |
| Minor | ABDUL M RAHAMAN “THE ROCK” | MIKE GOULD |
| Minor | ABDUL M RAHAMAN “THE ROCK” | undervote |
| Minor | ABDUL M RAHAMAN “THE ROCK” | undervote |
| Minor | ABDUL M RAHAMAN “THE ROCK” | undervote |
| Minor | ABDUL M RAHAMAN “THE ROCK” | undervote |
| Minor | ABDUL M RAHAMAN “THE ROCK” | CAM WINTON |
| Minor | ABDUL M RAHAMAN “THE ROCK” | undervote |
| Minor | ABDUL M RAHAMAN “THE ROCK” | BETSY HODGES |
| Minor | ABDUL M RAHAMAN “THE ROCK” | BILL KAHN |
| Minor | ABDUL M RAHAMAN “THE ROCK” | undervote |
| Minor | ABDUL M RAHAMAN “THE ROCK” | undervote |
| Minor | ABDUL M RAHAMAN “THE ROCK” | undervote |
| Minor | ABDUL M RAHAMAN “THE ROCK” | MARK ANDREW |
| Minor | ABDUL M RAHAMAN “THE ROCK” | MIKE GOULD |
| Minor | ABDUL M RAHAMAN “THE ROCK” | undervote |
| Minor | ABDUL M RAHAMAN “THE ROCK” | undervote |
| Minor | ABDUL M RAHAMAN “THE ROCK” | JAYMIE KELLY |
| Minor | ABDUL M RAHAMAN “THE ROCK” | BETSY HODGES |
| Minor | ABDUL M RAHAMAN “THE ROCK” | JOHN LESLIE HARTWIG |
| Minor | ABDUL M RAHAMAN “THE ROCK” | undervote |
| Minor | ABDUL M RAHAMAN “THE ROCK” | undervote |
| Minor | ABDUL M RAHAMAN “THE ROCK” | BILL KAHN |
| Minor | ABDUL M RAHAMAN “THE ROCK” | MARK ANDREW |
| Minor | ABDUL M RAHAMAN “THE ROCK” | ABDUL M RAHAMAN “THE ROCK” |
| Minor | ABDUL M RAHAMAN “THE ROCK” | undervote |
| Minor | ABDUL M RAHAMAN “THE ROCK” | MARK ANDREW |
| Minor | ABDUL M RAHAMAN “THE ROCK” | ABDUL M RAHAMAN “THE ROCK” |
| Minor | ABDUL M RAHAMAN “THE ROCK” | undervote |
| Minor | ABDUL M RAHAMAN “THE ROCK” | ABDUL M RAHAMAN “THE ROCK” |
| Minor | ABDUL M RAHAMAN “THE ROCK” | BETSY HODGES |
| Minor | ABDUL M RAHAMAN “THE ROCK” | ABDUL M RAHAMAN “THE ROCK” |
| Minor | ABDUL M RAHAMAN “THE ROCK” | CYD GORMAN |
| Minor | ABDUL M RAHAMAN “THE ROCK” | undervote |
| Minor | ABDUL M RAHAMAN “THE ROCK” | undervote |
| Minor | ABDUL M RAHAMAN “THE ROCK” | JAMES EVERETT |
| Minor | ABDUL M RAHAMAN “THE ROCK” | ABDUL M RAHAMAN “THE ROCK” |
| Minor | ABDUL M RAHAMAN “THE ROCK” | BETSY HODGES |
Complete
Often, information is spread among multiple sources. Joining can bring this information together.
For instance, here are the population and area variables from CountryData.
PopArea <-
select( CountryData, country, area, pop)PopArea| country | area | pop |
|---|---|---|
| Afghanistan | 652230.00 | 31822848.00 |
| Akrotiri | 123.00 | 15700.00 |
| Albania | 28748.00 | 3020209.00 |
| Algeria | 2381741.00 | 38813722.00 |
| American Samoa | 199.00 | 54517.00 |
| Andorra | 468.00 | 85458.00 |
| Angola | 1246700.00 | 19088106.00 |
| Anguilla | 91.00 | 16086.00 |
| Antarctica | ||
| Antigua and Barbuda | 443.00 | 91295.00 |
| Argentina | 2780400.00 | 43024374.00 |
| Armenia | 29743.00 | 3060631.00 |
| Aruba | 180.00 | 110663.00 |
| Ashmore and Cartier Islands | 5.00 | |
| Australia | 7741220.00 | 22507617.00 |
| Austria | 83871.00 | 8223062.00 |
| Azerbaijan | 86600.00 | 9686210.00 |
| Bahamas, The | 13880.00 | 321834.00 |
| Bahrain | 760.00 | 1314089.00 |
| Bangladesh | 143998.00 | 166280712.00 |
| Barbados | 430.00 | 289680.00 |
| Belarus | 207600.00 | 9608058.00 |
| Belgium | 30528.00 | 10449361.00 |
| Belize | 22966.00 | 340844.00 |
| Benin | 112622.00 | 10160556.00 |
| Bermuda | 54.00 | 69839.00 |
| Bhutan | 38394.00 | 733643.00 |
| Bolivia | 1098581.00 | 10631486.00 |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | 51197.00 | 3871643.00 |
| Botswana | 581730.00 | 2155784.00 |
| Bouvet Island | 49.00 | |
| Brazil | 8514877.00 | 202656788.00 |
| British Indian Ocean Territory | 54400.00 | |
| British Virgin Islands | 151.00 | 32680.00 |
| Brunei | 5765.00 | 422675.00 |
| Bulgaria | 110879.00 | 6924716.00 |
| Burkina Faso | 274200.00 | 18365123.00 |
| Burma | 676578.00 | 55746253.00 |
| Burundi | 27830.00 | 10395931.00 |
| Cabo Verde | 4033.00 | 538535.00 |
| Cambodia | 181035.00 | 15458332.00 |
| Cameroon | 475440.00 | 23130708.00 |
| Canada | 9984670.00 | 34834841.00 |
| Cayman Islands | 264.00 | 54914.00 |
| Central African Republic | 622984.00 | 5277959.00 |
| Chad | 1284000.00 | 11412107.00 |
| Chile | 756102.00 | 17363894.00 |
| China | 9596960.00 | 1355692576.00 |
| Christmas Island | 135.00 | 1530.00 |
| Clipperton Island | 6.00 | |
| Cocos (Keeling) Islands | 14.00 | 596.00 |
| Colombia | 1138910.00 | 46245297.00 |
| Comoros | 2235.00 | 766865.00 |
| Congo, Democratic Republic of the | 2344858.00 | 77433744.00 |
| Congo, Republic of the | 342000.00 | 4662446.00 |
| Cook Islands | 236.00 | 10134.00 |
| Coral Sea Islands | 3.00 | |
| Costa Rica | 51100.00 | 4755234.00 |
| Cote d’Ivoire | 322463.00 | 22848945.00 |
| Croatia | 56594.00 | 4470534.00 |
| Cuba | 110860.00 | 11047251.00 |
| Curacao | 444.00 | 146836.00 |
| Cyprus | 9251.00 | 1172458.00 |
| Czech Republic | 78867.00 | 10627448.00 |
| Denmark | 43094.00 | 5569077.00 |
| Dhekelia | 131.00 | 15700.00 |
| Djibouti | 23200.00 | 810179.00 |
| Dominica | 751.00 | 73449.00 |
| Dominican Republic | 48670.00 | 10349741.00 |
| Ecuador | 283561.00 | 15654411.00 |
| Egypt | 1001450.00 | 86895099.00 |
| El Salvador | 21041.00 | 6125512.00 |
| Equatorial Guinea | 28051.00 | 722254.00 |
| Eritrea | 117600.00 | 6380803.00 |
| Estonia | 45228.00 | 1257921.00 |
| Ethiopia | 1104300.00 | 96633458.00 |
| European Union | 511434812.00 | |
| Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) | 12173.00 | 2840.00 |
| Faroe Islands | 1393.00 | 49947.00 |
| Fiji | 18274.00 | 903207.00 |
| Finland | 338145.00 | 5268799.00 |
| France | 643801.00 | 66259012.00 |
| French Polynesia | 4167.00 | 280026.00 |
| French Southern and Antarctic Lands | 55.00 | |
| Gabon | 267667.00 | 1672597.00 |
| Gambia, The | 11295.00 | 1925527.00 |
| Gaza Strip | 360.00 | 1816379.00 |
| Georgia | 69700.00 | 4935880.00 |
| Germany | 357022.00 | 80996685.00 |
| Ghana | 238533.00 | 25758108.00 |
| Gibraltar | 7.00 | 29185.00 |
| Greece | 131957.00 | 10775557.00 |
| Greenland | 2166086.00 | 57728.00 |
| Grenada | 344.00 | 110152.00 |
| Guam | 544.00 | 161001.00 |
| Guatemala | 108889.00 | 14647083.00 |
| Guernsey | 78.00 | 65849.00 |
| Guinea | 245857.00 | 11474383.00 |
| Guinea-Bissau | 36125.00 | 1693398.00 |
| Guyana | 214969.00 | 735554.00 |
| Haiti | 27750.00 | 9996731.00 |
| Heard Island and McDonald Islands | 412.00 | |
| Holy See (Vatican City) | 0.00 | 842.00 |
| Honduras | 112090.00 | 8598561.00 |
| Hong Kong | 1104.00 | 7112688.00 |
| Howland Island | 2.00 | |
| Hungary | 93028.00 | 9919128.00 |
| Iceland | 103000.00 | 317351.00 |
| India | 3287263.00 | 1236344631.00 |
| Indonesia | 1904569.00 | 253609643.00 |
| Iran | 1648195.00 | 80840713.00 |
| Iraq | 438317.00 | 32585692.00 |
| Ireland | 70273.00 | 4832765.00 |
| Isle of Man | 572.00 | 86866.00 |
| Israel | 20770.00 | 7821850.00 |
| Italy | 301340.00 | 61680122.00 |
| Jamaica | 10991.00 | 2930050.00 |
| Jan Mayen | 377.00 | |
| Japan | 377915.00 | 127103388.00 |
| Jersey | 116.00 | 96513.00 |
| Jordan | 89342.00 | 7930491.00 |
| Kazakhstan | 2724900.00 | 17948816.00 |
| Kenya | 580367.00 | 45010056.00 |
| Kiribati | 811.00 | 104488.00 |
| Korea, North | 120538.00 | 24851627.00 |
| Korea, South | 99720.00 | 49039986.00 |
| Kosovo | 10887.00 | 1859203.00 |
| Kuwait | 17818.00 | 2742711.00 |
| Kyrgyzstan | 199951.00 | 5604212.00 |
| Laos | 236800.00 | 6803699.00 |
| Latvia | 64589.00 | 2165165.00 |
| Lebanon | 10400.00 | 5882562.00 |
| Lesotho | 30355.00 | 1942008.00 |
| Liberia | 111369.00 | 4092310.00 |
| Libya | 1759540.00 | 6244174.00 |
| Liechtenstein | 160.00 | 37313.00 |
| Lithuania | 65300.00 | 3505738.00 |
| Luxembourg | 2586.00 | 520672.00 |
| Macau | 28.00 | 587914.00 |
| Macedonia | 25713.00 | 2091719.00 |
| Madagascar | 587041.00 | 23201926.00 |
| Malawi | 118484.00 | 17377468.00 |
| Malaysia | 329847.00 | 30073353.00 |
| Maldives | 298.00 | 393595.00 |
| Mali | 1240192.00 | 16455903.00 |
| Malta | 316.00 | 412655.00 |
| Marshall Islands | 181.00 | 70983.00 |
| Mauritania | 1030700.00 | 3516806.00 |
| Mauritius | 2040.00 | 1331155.00 |
| Mexico | 1964375.00 | 120286655.00 |
| Micronesia, Federated States of | 702.00 | 105681.00 |
| Moldova | 33851.00 | 3583288.00 |
| Monaco | 2.00 | 30508.00 |
| Mongolia | 1564116.00 | 2953190.00 |
| Montenegro | 13812.00 | 650036.00 |
| Montserrat | 102.00 | 5215.00 |
| Morocco | 446550.00 | 32987206.00 |
| Mozambique | 799380.00 | 24692144.00 |
| Namibia | 824292.00 | 2198406.00 |
| Nauru | 21.00 | 9488.00 |
| Navassa Island | 5.00 | |
| Nepal | 147181.00 | 30986975.00 |
| Netherlands | 41543.00 | 16877351.00 |
| New Caledonia | 18575.00 | 267840.00 |
| New Zealand | 267710.00 | 4401916.00 |
| Nicaragua | 130370.00 | 5848641.00 |
| Niger | 1267000.00 | 17466172.00 |
| Nigeria | 923768.00 | 177155754.00 |
| Niue | 260.00 | 1190.00 |
| Norfolk Island | 36.00 | 2210.00 |
| Northern Mariana Islands | 464.00 | 51483.00 |
| Norway | 323802.00 | 5147792.00 |
| Oman | 309500.00 | 3219775.00 |
| Pakistan | 796095.00 | 196174380.00 |
| Palau | 459.00 | 21186.00 |
| Panama | 75420.00 | 3608431.00 |
| Papua New Guinea | 462840.00 | 6552730.00 |
| Paracel Islands | ||
| Paraguay | 406752.00 | 6703860.00 |
| Peru | 1285216.00 | 30147935.00 |
| Philippines | 300000.00 | 107668231.00 |
| Pitcairn Islands | 47.00 | 48.00 |
| Poland | 312685.00 | 38346279.00 |
| Portugal | 92090.00 | 10813834.00 |
| Puerto Rico | 13790.00 | 3620897.00 |
| Qatar | 11586.00 | 2123160.00 |
| Romania | 238391.00 | 21729871.00 |
| Russia | 17098242.00 | 142470272.00 |
| Rwanda | 26338.00 | 12337138.00 |
| Saint Barthelemy | 7267.00 | |
| Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha | 308.00 | 7776.00 |
| Saint Kitts and Nevis | 261.00 | 51538.00 |
| Saint Lucia | 616.00 | 163362.00 |
| Saint Martin | 54.00 | 31530.00 |
| Saint Pierre and Miquelon | 242.00 | 5716.00 |
| Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 389.00 | 102918.00 |
| Samoa | 2831.00 | 196628.00 |
| San Marino | 61.00 | 32742.00 |
| Sao Tome and Principe | 964.00 | 190428.00 |
| Saudi Arabia | 2149690.00 | 27345986.00 |
| Senegal | 196722.00 | 13635927.00 |
| Serbia | 77474.00 | 7209764.00 |
| Seychelles | 455.00 | 91650.00 |
| Sierra Leone | 71740.00 | 5743725.00 |
| Singapore | 697.00 | 5567301.00 |
| Sint Maarten | 34.00 | 39689.00 |
| Slovakia | 49035.00 | 5443583.00 |
| Slovenia | 20273.00 | 1988292.00 |
| Solomon Islands | 28896.00 | 609883.00 |
| Somalia | 637657.00 | 10428043.00 |
| South Africa | 1219090.00 | 48375645.00 |
| South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands | 3903.00 | |
| South Sudan | 644329.00 | 11562695.00 |
| Spain | 505370.00 | 47737941.00 |
| Spratly Islands | 5.00 | |
| Sri Lanka | 65610.00 | 21866445.00 |
| Sudan | 1861484.00 | 35482233.00 |
| Suriname | 163820.00 | 573311.00 |
| Svalbard | 62045.00 | 1872.00 |
| Swaziland | 17364.00 | 1419623.00 |
| Sweden | 450295.00 | 9723809.00 |
| Switzerland | 41277.00 | 8061516.00 |
| Syria | 185180.00 | 17951639.00 |
| Taiwan | 35980.00 | 23359928.00 |
| Tajikistan | 143100.00 | 8051512.00 |
| Tanzania | 947300.00 | 49639138.00 |
| Thailand | 513120.00 | 67741401.00 |
| Timor-Leste | 14874.00 | 1201542.00 |
| Togo | 56785.00 | 7351374.00 |
| Tokelau | 12.00 | 1337.00 |
| Tonga | 747.00 | 106440.00 |
| Trinidad and Tobago | 5128.00 | 1223916.00 |
| Tunisia | 163610.00 | 10937521.00 |
| Turkey | 783562.00 | 81619392.00 |
| Turkmenistan | 488100.00 | 5171943.00 |
| Turks and Caicos Islands | 948.00 | 49070.00 |
| Tuvalu | 26.00 | 10782.00 |
| Uganda | 241038.00 | 35918915.00 |
| Ukraine | 603550.00 | 44291413.00 |
| United Arab Emirates | 83600.00 | 5628805.00 |
| United Kingdom | 243610.00 | 63742977.00 |
| United States | 9826675.00 | 318892103.00 |
| United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges | 22.00 | |
| Uruguay | 176215.00 | 3332972.00 |
| Uzbekistan | 447400.00 | 28929716.00 |
| Vanuatu | 12189.00 | 266937.00 |
| Venezuela | 912050.00 | 28868486.00 |
| Vietnam | 331210.00 | 93421835.00 |
| Virgin Islands | 1910.00 | 104170.00 |
| Wake Island | 7.00 | |
| Wallis and Futuna | 142.00 | 15561.00 |
| West Bank | 5860.00 | 2731052.00 |
| Western Sahara | 266000.00 | 554795.00 |
| Yemen | 527968.00 | 26052966.00 |
| Zambia | 752618.00 | 14638505.00 |
| Zimbabwe | 390757.00 | 13771721.00 |
From a different source, here are the locations of the various countries:
CountryCentroids| name | iso_a3 | long | lat |
|---|---|---|---|
| Afghanistan | AFG | 66.17 | 33.78 |
| Aland | ALA | 19.97 | 60.20 |
| Albania | ALB | 20.26 | 41.14 |
| Algeria | DZA | 2.83 | 28.14 |
| American Samoa | ASM | -170.72 | -14.30 |
| Andorra | AND | 1.53 | 42.53 |
| Angola | AGO | 17.74 | -12.36 |
| Anguilla | AIA | -63.01 | 18.22 |
| Antarctica | ATA | -61.24 | -72.62 |
| Antigua and Barb. | ATG | -61.76 | 17.15 |
| Argentina | ARG | -64.92 | -35.39 |
| Armenia | ARM | 45.22 | 40.31 |
| Aruba | ABW | -69.96 | 12.49 |
| Ashmore and Cartier Is. | -99 | 123.59 | -12.43 |
| Australia | AUS | 134.61 | -25.85 |
| Austria | AUT | 14.32 | 47.60 |
| Azerbaijan | AZE | 47.82 | 40.27 |
| Bahamas | BHS | -76.23 | 24.26 |
| Bahrain | BHR | 50.56 | 26.06 |
| Bangladesh | BGD | 90.42 | 23.81 |
| Barbados | BRB | -59.52 | 13.15 |
| Belarus | BLR | 28.23 | 53.55 |
| Belgium | BEL | 4.83 | 50.66 |
| Belize | BLZ | -88.53 | 17.22 |
| Benin | BEN | 2.55 | 9.62 |
| Bermuda | BMU | -64.75 | 32.29 |
| Bhutan | BTN | 90.58 | 27.40 |
| Bolivia | BOL | -64.44 | -16.73 |
| Bosnia and Herz. | BIH | 17.99 | 44.18 |
| Botswana | BWA | 23.96 | -22.26 |
| Br. Indian Ocean Ter. | IOT | 72.46 | -7.31 |
| Brazil | BRA | -52.87 | -10.83 |
| British Virgin Is. | VGB | -64.41 | 18.47 |
| Brunei | BRN | 114.86 | 4.48 |
| Bulgaria | BGR | 25.35 | 42.79 |
| Burkina Faso | BFA | -1.54 | 12.27 |
| Burundi | BDI | 30.07 | -3.51 |
| Côte d’Ivoire | CIV | -5.33 | 7.61 |
| Cambodia | KHM | 105.04 | 12.69 |
| Cameroon | CMR | 12.92 | 5.68 |
| Canada | CAN | -98.38 | 61.06 |
| Cape Verde | CPV | -23.78 | 16.23 |
| Cayman Is. | CYM | -80.08 | 19.70 |
| Central African Rep. | CAF | 20.60 | 6.50 |
| Chad | TCD | 18.81 | 15.31 |
| Chile | CHL | -70.89 | -35.82 |
| China | CHN | 103.94 | 36.59 |
| Colombia | COL | -72.87 | 3.88 |
| Comoros | COM | 43.70 | -12.09 |
| Congo | COG | 15.34 | -0.88 |
| Cook Is. | COK | -159.77 | -21.24 |
| Costa Rica | CRI | -83.95 | 10.01 |
| Croatia | HRV | 16.65 | 45.11 |
| Cuba | CUB | -78.79 | 21.70 |
| Curaçao | CUW | -69.00 | 12.19 |
| Cyprus | CYP | 33.29 | 35.03 |
| Czech Rep. | CZE | 15.54 | 49.78 |
| Dem. Rep. Congo | COD | 25.28 | -5.40 |
| Dem. Rep. Korea | PRK | 127.25 | 40.13 |
| Denmark | DNK | 9.97 | 56.11 |
| Djibouti | DJI | 42.78 | 11.70 |
| Dominica | DMA | -61.35 | 15.46 |
| Dominican Rep. | DOM | -70.32 | 18.95 |
| Ecuador | ECU | -78.19 | -1.46 |
| Egypt | EGY | 30.03 | 26.41 |
| El Salvador | SLV | -88.68 | 13.78 |
| Eq. Guinea | GNQ | 10.48 | 1.64 |
| Eritrea | ERI | 39.17 | 15.26 |
| Estonia | EST | 25.99 | 58.63 |
| Ethiopia | ETH | 39.81 | 8.56 |
| Faeroe Is. | FRO | -6.77 | 62.05 |
| Falkland Is. | FLK | -59.65 | -51.71 |
| Fiji | FJI | 177.77 | -17.44 |
| Finland | FIN | 26.45 | 64.43 |
| Fr. Polynesia | PYF | -140.82 | -16.67 |
| Fr. S. Antarctic Lands | ATF | 69.35 | -49.18 |
| France | FRA | 2.72 | 46.53 |
| Gabon | GAB | 11.99 | -0.65 |
| Gambia | GMB | -15.30 | 13.46 |
| Georgia | GEO | 43.77 | 42.18 |
| Germany | DEU | 10.56 | 51.08 |
| Ghana | GHA | -1.01 | 7.94 |
| Greece | GRC | 22.88 | 39.16 |
| Greenland | GRL | -41.20 | 74.70 |
| Grenada | GRD | -61.72 | 12.05 |
| Guam | GUM | 144.76 | 13.42 |
| Guatemala | GTM | -90.18 | 15.74 |
| Guernsey | GGY | -2.54 | 49.49 |
| Guinea | GIN | -10.66 | 10.40 |
| Guinea-Bissau | GNB | -14.64 | 12.08 |
| Guyana | GUY | -58.70 | 4.74 |
| Haiti | HTI | -72.49 | 18.98 |
| Heard I. and McDonald Is. | HMD | 73.47 | -53.09 |
| Honduras | HND | -86.46 | 14.84 |
| Hong Kong | HKG | 114.14 | 22.36 |
| Hungary | HUN | 19.61 | 47.21 |
| Iceland | ISL | -18.30 | 64.92 |
| India | IND | 79.81 | 22.93 |
| Indian Ocean Ter. | -99 | 96.90 | -12.17 |
| Indonesia | IDN | 116.28 | -1.66 |
| Iran | IRN | 54.49 | 32.52 |
| Iraq | IRQ | 43.99 | 32.95 |
| Ireland | IRL | -7.96 | 53.16 |
| Isle of Man | IMN | -4.51 | 54.22 |
| Israel | ISR | 35.21 | 31.41 |
| Italy | ITA | 12.27 | 42.88 |
| Jamaica | JAM | -77.15 | 18.19 |
| Japan | JPN | 138.85 | 36.96 |
| Jersey | JEY | -2.08 | 49.19 |
| Jordan | JOR | 37.03 | 31.16 |
| Kazakhstan | KAZ | 67.56 | 48.19 |
| Kenya | KEN | 38.01 | 0.42 |
| Kiribati | KIR | -155.86 | -1.14 |
| Korea | KOR | 127.94 | 36.45 |
| Kosovo | -99 | 20.76 | 42.64 |
| Kuwait | KWT | 47.76 | 29.16 |
| Kyrgyzstan | KGZ | 74.82 | 41.49 |
| Lao PDR | LAO | 103.87 | 18.45 |
| Latvia | LVA | 25.17 | 56.85 |
| Lebanon | LBN | 35.98 | 33.79 |
| Lesotho | LSO | 28.43 | -29.69 |
| Liberia | LBR | -9.06 | 6.43 |
| Libya | LBY | 18.18 | 26.99 |
| Liechtenstein | LIE | 9.55 | 47.13 |
| Lithuania | LTU | 24.06 | 55.35 |
| Luxembourg | LUX | 6.30 | 49.78 |
| Macao | MAC | 113.49 | 22.22 |
| Macedonia | MKD | 21.91 | 41.57 |
| Madagascar | MDG | 46.92 | -19.43 |
| Malawi | MWI | 34.49 | -13.53 |
| Malaysia | MYS | 112.12 | 2.16 |
| Maldives | MDV | 73.48 | 4.16 |
| Mali | MLI | -3.31 | 17.33 |
| Malta | MLT | 14.34 | 36.00 |
| Marshall Is. | MHL | 169.73 | 7.07 |
| Mauritania | MRT | -10.07 | 20.27 |
| Mauritius | MUS | 57.52 | -20.34 |
| Mexico | MEX | -102.30 | 23.92 |
| Micronesia | FSM | 151.86 | 7.36 |
| Moldova | MDA | 28.66 | 47.20 |
| Monaco | MCO | 7.41 | 43.75 |
| Mongolia | MNG | 103.27 | 46.85 |
| Montenegro | MNE | 19.20 | 42.76 |
| Montserrat | MSR | -62.18 | 16.74 |
| Morocco | MAR | -6.10 | 31.83 |
| Mozambique | MOZ | 35.73 | -17.29 |
| Myanmar | MMR | 96.67 | 21.17 |
| N. Cyprus | -99 | 33.50 | 35.15 |
| N. Mariana Is. | MNP | 145.69 | 15.24 |
| Namibia | NAM | 17.41 | -22.10 |
| Nauru | NRU | 166.94 | -0.52 |
| Nepal | NPL | 84.17 | 28.30 |
| Netherlands | NLD | 5.82 | 52.21 |
| New Caledonia | NCL | 166.55 | -21.16 |
| New Zealand | NZL | 172.90 | -41.81 |
| Nicaragua | NIC | -84.90 | 12.86 |
| Niger | NER | 9.58 | 17.42 |
| Nigeria | NGA | 8.28 | 9.58 |
| Niue | NIU | -169.85 | -19.06 |
| Norfolk Island | NFK | 167.94 | -29.06 |
| Norway | NOR | 15.77 | 67.47 |
| Oman | OMN | 56.14 | 20.43 |
| Pakistan | PAK | 69.56 | 29.92 |
| Palau | PLW | 134.52 | 7.38 |
| Palestine | PSE | 35.02 | 31.77 |
| Panama | PAN | -79.91 | 8.57 |
| Papua New Guinea | PNG | 144.83 | -6.62 |
| Paraguay | PRY | -58.17 | -23.20 |
| Peru | PER | -74.14 | -9.18 |
| Philippines | PHL | 122.99 | 11.07 |
| Pitcairn Is. | PCN | -128.30 | -24.37 |
| Poland | POL | 19.64 | 52.14 |
| Portugal | PRT | -7.76 | 39.69 |
| Puerto Rico | PRI | -66.32 | 18.28 |
| Qatar | QAT | 51.43 | 25.23 |
| Romania | ROU | 23.47 | 45.52 |
| Russia | RUS | 96.86 | 61.70 |
| Rwanda | RWA | 30.07 | -2.08 |
| S. Geo. and S. Sandw. Is. | SGS | -36.51 | -54.34 |
| S. Sudan | SSD | 31.10 | 8.60 |
| São Tomé and Principe | STP | 6.75 | 0.40 |
| Saint Helena | SHN | -14.32 | -7.97 |
| Saint Lucia | LCA | -60.95 | 13.89 |
| Samoa | WSM | -172.05 | -13.81 |
| San Marino | SMR | 12.49 | 43.93 |
| Saudi Arabia | SAU | 44.68 | 23.93 |
| Senegal | SEN | -14.23 | 14.45 |
| Serbia | SRB | 20.99 | 44.05 |
| Seychelles | SYC | 55.49 | -4.69 |
| Siachen Glacier | -99 | 77.29 | 35.47 |
| Sierra Leone | SLE | -11.51 | 8.54 |
| Singapore | SGP | 103.91 | 1.37 |
| Sint Maarten | SXM | -63.09 | 18.06 |
| Slovakia | SVK | 19.75 | 48.79 |
| Slovenia | SVN | 15.01 | 46.13 |
| Solomon Is. | SLB | 159.54 | -8.71 |
| Somalia | SOM | 46.06 | 6.04 |
| Somaliland | -99 | 45.34 | 10.43 |
| South Africa | ZAF | 25.22 | -29.05 |
| Spain | ESP | -3.39 | 40.40 |
| Sri Lanka | LKA | 80.88 | 7.57 |
| St-Barthélemy | BLM | -62.85 | 17.90 |
| St-Martin | MAF | -63.02 | 18.09 |
| St. Kitts and Nevis | KNA | -62.65 | 17.25 |
| St. Pierre and Miquelon | SPM | -56.27 | 46.84 |
| St. Vin. and Gren. | VCT | -61.25 | 12.99 |
| Sudan | SDN | 30.22 | 13.77 |
| Suriname | SUR | -55.63 | 4.10 |
| Swaziland | SWZ | 31.70 | -26.65 |
| Sweden | SWE | 16.86 | 62.75 |
| Switzerland | CHE | 8.35 | 46.84 |
| Syria | SYR | 38.68 | 34.93 |
| Taiwan | TWN | 121.00 | 23.64 |
| Tajikistan | TJK | 71.28 | 38.51 |
| Tanzania | TZA | 35.00 | -6.40 |
| Thailand | THA | 101.14 | 15.08 |
| Timor-Leste | TLS | 125.39 | -9.00 |
| Togo | TGO | 1.16 | 8.55 |
| Tonga | TON | -175.03 | -21.13 |
| Trinidad and Tobago | TTO | -61.29 | 10.42 |
| Tunisia | TUN | 9.74 | 34.09 |
| Turkey | TUR | 35.36 | 39.02 |
| Turkmenistan | TKM | 59.70 | 39.13 |
| Turks and Caicos Is. | TCA | -71.96 | 21.83 |
| U.S. Virgin Is. | VIR | -64.77 | 18.33 |
| Uganda | UGA | 32.52 | 1.22 |
| Ukraine | UKR | 31.56 | 49.06 |
| United Arab Emirates | ARE | 54.30 | 23.54 |
| United Kingdom | GBR | -2.59 | 53.89 |
| United States | USA | -98.84 | 39.47 |
| Uruguay | URY | -55.79 | -32.87 |
| Uzbekistan | UZB | 63.49 | 41.77 |
| Vanuatu | VUT | 167.99 | -16.15 |
| Vatican | VAT | 12.43 | 41.90 |
| Venezuela | VEN | -65.91 | 7.08 |
| Vietnam | VNM | 106.41 | 16.69 |
| W. Sahara | ESH | -12.17 | 24.65 |
| Wallis and Futuna Is. | WLF | -178.05 | -14.24 |
| Yemen | YEM | 47.82 | 15.79 |
| Zambia | ZMB | 27.95 | -13.50 |
| Zimbabwe | ZWE | 30.06 | -19.06 |
A join will bring together these two sources. Before this can be done, the overlap variables must be explicitly stated. As things stand, there are no variables in common between CountryCentroids and PopArea.
names( CountryCentroids )[1] "name" "iso_a3" "long" "lat" names( PopArea)[1] "country" "area" "pop" It’s name and country that connects the two tables. To make this explicit, let’s change the variable name from “name” to “country”:
CountryCentroids <-
CountryCentroids %>%
mutate( country=name ) %>%
select( -name )
Together <- merge( PopArea, CountryCentroids )Together| country | area | pop | iso_a3 | long | lat |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Afghanistan | 652230.00 | 31822848.00 | AFG | 66.17 | 33.78 |
| Albania | 28748.00 | 3020209.00 | ALB | 20.26 | 41.14 |
| Algeria | 2381741.00 | 38813722.00 | DZA | 2.83 | 28.14 |
| American Samoa | 199.00 | 54517.00 | ASM | -170.72 | -14.30 |
| Andorra | 468.00 | 85458.00 | AND | 1.53 | 42.53 |
| Angola | 1246700.00 | 19088106.00 | AGO | 17.74 | -12.36 |
| Anguilla | 91.00 | 16086.00 | AIA | -63.01 | 18.22 |
| Antarctica | ATA | -61.24 | -72.62 | ||
| Argentina | 2780400.00 | 43024374.00 | ARG | -64.92 | -35.39 |
| Armenia | 29743.00 | 3060631.00 | ARM | 45.22 | 40.31 |
| Aruba | 180.00 | 110663.00 | ABW | -69.96 | 12.49 |
| Australia | 7741220.00 | 22507617.00 | AUS | 134.61 | -25.85 |
| Austria | 83871.00 | 8223062.00 | AUT | 14.32 | 47.60 |
| Azerbaijan | 86600.00 | 9686210.00 | AZE | 47.82 | 40.27 |
| Bahrain | 760.00 | 1314089.00 | BHR | 50.56 | 26.06 |
| Bangladesh | 143998.00 | 166280712.00 | BGD | 90.42 | 23.81 |
| Barbados | 430.00 | 289680.00 | BRB | -59.52 | 13.15 |
| Belarus | 207600.00 | 9608058.00 | BLR | 28.23 | 53.55 |
| Belgium | 30528.00 | 10449361.00 | BEL | 4.83 | 50.66 |
| Belize | 22966.00 | 340844.00 | BLZ | -88.53 | 17.22 |
| Benin | 112622.00 | 10160556.00 | BEN | 2.55 | 9.62 |
| Bermuda | 54.00 | 69839.00 | BMU | -64.75 | 32.29 |
| Bhutan | 38394.00 | 733643.00 | BTN | 90.58 | 27.40 |
| Bolivia | 1098581.00 | 10631486.00 | BOL | -64.44 | -16.73 |
| Botswana | 581730.00 | 2155784.00 | BWA | 23.96 | -22.26 |
| Brazil | 8514877.00 | 202656788.00 | BRA | -52.87 | -10.83 |
| Brunei | 5765.00 | 422675.00 | BRN | 114.86 | 4.48 |
| Bulgaria | 110879.00 | 6924716.00 | BGR | 25.35 | 42.79 |
| Burkina Faso | 274200.00 | 18365123.00 | BFA | -1.54 | 12.27 |
| Burundi | 27830.00 | 10395931.00 | BDI | 30.07 | -3.51 |
| Cambodia | 181035.00 | 15458332.00 | KHM | 105.04 | 12.69 |
| Cameroon | 475440.00 | 23130708.00 | CMR | 12.92 | 5.68 |
| Canada | 9984670.00 | 34834841.00 | CAN | -98.38 | 61.06 |
| Chad | 1284000.00 | 11412107.00 | TCD | 18.81 | 15.31 |
| Chile | 756102.00 | 17363894.00 | CHL | -70.89 | -35.82 |
| China | 9596960.00 | 1355692576.00 | CHN | 103.94 | 36.59 |
| Colombia | 1138910.00 | 46245297.00 | COL | -72.87 | 3.88 |
| Comoros | 2235.00 | 766865.00 | COM | 43.70 | -12.09 |
| Costa Rica | 51100.00 | 4755234.00 | CRI | -83.95 | 10.01 |
| Croatia | 56594.00 | 4470534.00 | HRV | 16.65 | 45.11 |
| Cuba | 110860.00 | 11047251.00 | CUB | -78.79 | 21.70 |
| Cyprus | 9251.00 | 1172458.00 | CYP | 33.29 | 35.03 |
| Denmark | 43094.00 | 5569077.00 | DNK | 9.97 | 56.11 |
| Djibouti | 23200.00 | 810179.00 | DJI | 42.78 | 11.70 |
| Dominica | 751.00 | 73449.00 | DMA | -61.35 | 15.46 |
| Ecuador | 283561.00 | 15654411.00 | ECU | -78.19 | -1.46 |
| Egypt | 1001450.00 | 86895099.00 | EGY | 30.03 | 26.41 |
| El Salvador | 21041.00 | 6125512.00 | SLV | -88.68 | 13.78 |
| Eritrea | 117600.00 | 6380803.00 | ERI | 39.17 | 15.26 |
| Estonia | 45228.00 | 1257921.00 | EST | 25.99 | 58.63 |
| Ethiopia | 1104300.00 | 96633458.00 | ETH | 39.81 | 8.56 |
| Fiji | 18274.00 | 903207.00 | FJI | 177.77 | -17.44 |
| Finland | 338145.00 | 5268799.00 | FIN | 26.45 | 64.43 |
| France | 643801.00 | 66259012.00 | FRA | 2.72 | 46.53 |
| Gabon | 267667.00 | 1672597.00 | GAB | 11.99 | -0.65 |
| Georgia | 69700.00 | 4935880.00 | GEO | 43.77 | 42.18 |
| Germany | 357022.00 | 80996685.00 | DEU | 10.56 | 51.08 |
| Ghana | 238533.00 | 25758108.00 | GHA | -1.01 | 7.94 |
| Greece | 131957.00 | 10775557.00 | GRC | 22.88 | 39.16 |
| Greenland | 2166086.00 | 57728.00 | GRL | -41.20 | 74.70 |
| Grenada | 344.00 | 110152.00 | GRD | -61.72 | 12.05 |
| Guam | 544.00 | 161001.00 | GUM | 144.76 | 13.42 |
| Guatemala | 108889.00 | 14647083.00 | GTM | -90.18 | 15.74 |
| Guernsey | 78.00 | 65849.00 | GGY | -2.54 | 49.49 |
| Guinea | 245857.00 | 11474383.00 | GIN | -10.66 | 10.40 |
| Guinea-Bissau | 36125.00 | 1693398.00 | GNB | -14.64 | 12.08 |
| Guyana | 214969.00 | 735554.00 | GUY | -58.70 | 4.74 |
| Haiti | 27750.00 | 9996731.00 | HTI | -72.49 | 18.98 |
| Honduras | 112090.00 | 8598561.00 | HND | -86.46 | 14.84 |
| Hong Kong | 1104.00 | 7112688.00 | HKG | 114.14 | 22.36 |
| Hungary | 93028.00 | 9919128.00 | HUN | 19.61 | 47.21 |
| Iceland | 103000.00 | 317351.00 | ISL | -18.30 | 64.92 |
| India | 3287263.00 | 1236344631.00 | IND | 79.81 | 22.93 |
| Indonesia | 1904569.00 | 253609643.00 | IDN | 116.28 | -1.66 |
| Iran | 1648195.00 | 80840713.00 | IRN | 54.49 | 32.52 |
| Iraq | 438317.00 | 32585692.00 | IRQ | 43.99 | 32.95 |
| Ireland | 70273.00 | 4832765.00 | IRL | -7.96 | 53.16 |
| Isle of Man | 572.00 | 86866.00 | IMN | -4.51 | 54.22 |
| Israel | 20770.00 | 7821850.00 | ISR | 35.21 | 31.41 |
| Italy | 301340.00 | 61680122.00 | ITA | 12.27 | 42.88 |
| Jamaica | 10991.00 | 2930050.00 | JAM | -77.15 | 18.19 |
| Japan | 377915.00 | 127103388.00 | JPN | 138.85 | 36.96 |
| Jersey | 116.00 | 96513.00 | JEY | -2.08 | 49.19 |
| Jordan | 89342.00 | 7930491.00 | JOR | 37.03 | 31.16 |
| Kazakhstan | 2724900.00 | 17948816.00 | KAZ | 67.56 | 48.19 |
| Kenya | 580367.00 | 45010056.00 | KEN | 38.01 | 0.42 |
| Kiribati | 811.00 | 104488.00 | KIR | -155.86 | -1.14 |
| Kosovo | 10887.00 | 1859203.00 | -99 | 20.76 | 42.64 |
| Kuwait | 17818.00 | 2742711.00 | KWT | 47.76 | 29.16 |
| Kyrgyzstan | 199951.00 | 5604212.00 | KGZ | 74.82 | 41.49 |
| Latvia | 64589.00 | 2165165.00 | LVA | 25.17 | 56.85 |
| Lebanon | 10400.00 | 5882562.00 | LBN | 35.98 | 33.79 |
| Lesotho | 30355.00 | 1942008.00 | LSO | 28.43 | -29.69 |
| Liberia | 111369.00 | 4092310.00 | LBR | -9.06 | 6.43 |
| Libya | 1759540.00 | 6244174.00 | LBY | 18.18 | 26.99 |
| Liechtenstein | 160.00 | 37313.00 | LIE | 9.55 | 47.13 |
| Lithuania | 65300.00 | 3505738.00 | LTU | 24.06 | 55.35 |
| Luxembourg | 2586.00 | 520672.00 | LUX | 6.30 | 49.78 |
| Macedonia | 25713.00 | 2091719.00 | MKD | 21.91 | 41.57 |
| Madagascar | 587041.00 | 23201926.00 | MDG | 46.92 | -19.43 |
| Malawi | 118484.00 | 17377468.00 | MWI | 34.49 | -13.53 |
| Malaysia | 329847.00 | 30073353.00 | MYS | 112.12 | 2.16 |
| Maldives | 298.00 | 393595.00 | MDV | 73.48 | 4.16 |
| Mali | 1240192.00 | 16455903.00 | MLI | -3.31 | 17.33 |
| Malta | 316.00 | 412655.00 | MLT | 14.34 | 36.00 |
| Mauritania | 1030700.00 | 3516806.00 | MRT | -10.07 | 20.27 |
| Mauritius | 2040.00 | 1331155.00 | MUS | 57.52 | -20.34 |
| Mexico | 1964375.00 | 120286655.00 | MEX | -102.30 | 23.92 |
| Moldova | 33851.00 | 3583288.00 | MDA | 28.66 | 47.20 |
| Monaco | 2.00 | 30508.00 | MCO | 7.41 | 43.75 |
| Mongolia | 1564116.00 | 2953190.00 | MNG | 103.27 | 46.85 |
| Montenegro | 13812.00 | 650036.00 | MNE | 19.20 | 42.76 |
| Montserrat | 102.00 | 5215.00 | MSR | -62.18 | 16.74 |
| Morocco | 446550.00 | 32987206.00 | MAR | -6.10 | 31.83 |
| Mozambique | 799380.00 | 24692144.00 | MOZ | 35.73 | -17.29 |
| Namibia | 824292.00 | 2198406.00 | NAM | 17.41 | -22.10 |
| Nauru | 21.00 | 9488.00 | NRU | 166.94 | -0.52 |
| Nepal | 147181.00 | 30986975.00 | NPL | 84.17 | 28.30 |
| Netherlands | 41543.00 | 16877351.00 | NLD | 5.82 | 52.21 |
| New Caledonia | 18575.00 | 267840.00 | NCL | 166.55 | -21.16 |
| New Zealand | 267710.00 | 4401916.00 | NZL | 172.90 | -41.81 |
| Nicaragua | 130370.00 | 5848641.00 | NIC | -84.90 | 12.86 |
| Niger | 1267000.00 | 17466172.00 | NER | 9.58 | 17.42 |
| Nigeria | 923768.00 | 177155754.00 | NGA | 8.28 | 9.58 |
| Niue | 260.00 | 1190.00 | NIU | -169.85 | -19.06 |
| Norfolk Island | 36.00 | 2210.00 | NFK | 167.94 | -29.06 |
| Norway | 323802.00 | 5147792.00 | NOR | 15.77 | 67.47 |
| Oman | 309500.00 | 3219775.00 | OMN | 56.14 | 20.43 |
| Pakistan | 796095.00 | 196174380.00 | PAK | 69.56 | 29.92 |
| Palau | 459.00 | 21186.00 | PLW | 134.52 | 7.38 |
| Panama | 75420.00 | 3608431.00 | PAN | -79.91 | 8.57 |
| Papua New Guinea | 462840.00 | 6552730.00 | PNG | 144.83 | -6.62 |
| Paraguay | 406752.00 | 6703860.00 | PRY | -58.17 | -23.20 |
| Peru | 1285216.00 | 30147935.00 | PER | -74.14 | -9.18 |
| Philippines | 300000.00 | 107668231.00 | PHL | 122.99 | 11.07 |
| Poland | 312685.00 | 38346279.00 | POL | 19.64 | 52.14 |
| Portugal | 92090.00 | 10813834.00 | PRT | -7.76 | 39.69 |
| Puerto Rico | 13790.00 | 3620897.00 | PRI | -66.32 | 18.28 |
| Qatar | 11586.00 | 2123160.00 | QAT | 51.43 | 25.23 |
| Romania | 238391.00 | 21729871.00 | ROU | 23.47 | 45.52 |
| Russia | 17098242.00 | 142470272.00 | RUS | 96.86 | 61.70 |
| Rwanda | 26338.00 | 12337138.00 | RWA | 30.07 | -2.08 |
| Saint Lucia | 616.00 | 163362.00 | LCA | -60.95 | 13.89 |
| Samoa | 2831.00 | 196628.00 | WSM | -172.05 | -13.81 |
| San Marino | 61.00 | 32742.00 | SMR | 12.49 | 43.93 |
| Saudi Arabia | 2149690.00 | 27345986.00 | SAU | 44.68 | 23.93 |
| Senegal | 196722.00 | 13635927.00 | SEN | -14.23 | 14.45 |
| Serbia | 77474.00 | 7209764.00 | SRB | 20.99 | 44.05 |
| Seychelles | 455.00 | 91650.00 | SYC | 55.49 | -4.69 |
| Sierra Leone | 71740.00 | 5743725.00 | SLE | -11.51 | 8.54 |
| Singapore | 697.00 | 5567301.00 | SGP | 103.91 | 1.37 |
| Sint Maarten | 34.00 | 39689.00 | SXM | -63.09 | 18.06 |
| Slovakia | 49035.00 | 5443583.00 | SVK | 19.75 | 48.79 |
| Slovenia | 20273.00 | 1988292.00 | SVN | 15.01 | 46.13 |
| Somalia | 637657.00 | 10428043.00 | SOM | 46.06 | 6.04 |
| South Africa | 1219090.00 | 48375645.00 | ZAF | 25.22 | -29.05 |
| Spain | 505370.00 | 47737941.00 | ESP | -3.39 | 40.40 |
| Sri Lanka | 65610.00 | 21866445.00 | LKA | 80.88 | 7.57 |
| Sudan | 1861484.00 | 35482233.00 | SDN | 30.22 | 13.77 |
| Suriname | 163820.00 | 573311.00 | SUR | -55.63 | 4.10 |
| Swaziland | 17364.00 | 1419623.00 | SWZ | 31.70 | -26.65 |
| Sweden | 450295.00 | 9723809.00 | SWE | 16.86 | 62.75 |
| Switzerland | 41277.00 | 8061516.00 | CHE | 8.35 | 46.84 |
| Syria | 185180.00 | 17951639.00 | SYR | 38.68 | 34.93 |
| Taiwan | 35980.00 | 23359928.00 | TWN | 121.00 | 23.64 |
| Tajikistan | 143100.00 | 8051512.00 | TJK | 71.28 | 38.51 |
| Tanzania | 947300.00 | 49639138.00 | TZA | 35.00 | -6.40 |
| Thailand | 513120.00 | 67741401.00 | THA | 101.14 | 15.08 |
| Timor-Leste | 14874.00 | 1201542.00 | TLS | 125.39 | -9.00 |
| Togo | 56785.00 | 7351374.00 | TGO | 1.16 | 8.55 |
| Tonga | 747.00 | 106440.00 | TON | -175.03 | -21.13 |
| Trinidad and Tobago | 5128.00 | 1223916.00 | TTO | -61.29 | 10.42 |
| Tunisia | 163610.00 | 10937521.00 | TUN | 9.74 | 34.09 |
| Turkey | 783562.00 | 81619392.00 | TUR | 35.36 | 39.02 |
| Turkmenistan | 488100.00 | 5171943.00 | TKM | 59.70 | 39.13 |
| Uganda | 241038.00 | 35918915.00 | UGA | 32.52 | 1.22 |
| Ukraine | 603550.00 | 44291413.00 | UKR | 31.56 | 49.06 |
| United Arab Emirates | 83600.00 | 5628805.00 | ARE | 54.30 | 23.54 |
| United Kingdom | 243610.00 | 63742977.00 | GBR | -2.59 | 53.89 |
| United States | 9826675.00 | 318892103.00 | USA | -98.84 | 39.47 |
| Uruguay | 176215.00 | 3332972.00 | URY | -55.79 | -32.87 |
| Uzbekistan | 447400.00 | 28929716.00 | UZB | 63.49 | 41.77 |
| Vanuatu | 12189.00 | 266937.00 | VUT | 167.99 | -16.15 |
| Venezuela | 912050.00 | 28868486.00 | VEN | -65.91 | 7.08 |
| Vietnam | 331210.00 | 93421835.00 | VNM | 106.41 | 16.69 |
| Yemen | 527968.00 | 26052966.00 | YEM | 47.82 | 15.79 |
| Zambia | 752618.00 | 14638505.00 | ZMB | 27.95 | -13.50 |
| Zimbabwe | 390757.00 | 13771721.00 | ZWE | 30.06 | -19.06 |
Filter
You can use the filter() function to extract those cases that meet a given criterion. Sometimes you may have a list of the cases you want. merge() lets you choose the cases you want in that list.
For example, here is a list of the G8 countries.
G8 <-
CountryGroups %>%
filter( G8 ) %>%
select( country )G8| country |
|---|
| Canada |
| France |
| Germany |
| Italy |
| Japan |
| Russia |
| United Kingdom |
| United States |
The G8 table can be used to extract the G8 countries from another table:
G8Data <- merge( Together, G8 )G8Data| country | area | pop | iso_a3 | long | lat |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Canada | 9984670.00 | 34834841.00 | CAN | -98.38 | 61.06 |
| France | 643801.00 | 66259012.00 | FRA | 2.72 | 46.53 |
| Germany | 357022.00 | 80996685.00 | DEU | 10.56 | 51.08 |
| Italy | 301340.00 | 61680122.00 | ITA | 12.27 | 42.88 |
| Japan | 377915.00 | 127103388.00 | JPN | 138.85 | 36.96 |
| Russia | 17098242.00 | 142470272.00 | RUS | 96.86 | 61.70 |
| United Kingdom | 243610.00 | 63742977.00 | GBR | -2.59 | 53.89 |
| United States | 9826675.00 | 318892103.00 | USA | -98.84 | 39.47 |
Please use the comment system to make suggestions, point out errors, or to discuss the topic.
There are the 36 candidates as well as no choice (“undervote”) or disallowed multiple choices (“overvote”).↩